Past issues

Welcome to IJLERA! International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications

Volume 02 - Issue 07 (July 2017)


Title:
A Novel LDA Algorithm for Palm Vein Feature Detection and Extraction
Authors:
A.P. Savitha, Ramegowda
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 01 - 06, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
Each people on the earth are all unique with respect to either one or more than one biometric features. Biometric features used to identify people much more accurate than manual verification methods. The present paper explores the feature extraction of palm vein pattern using linear discriminate analysis (LDA) algorithm. Here we found pattern similarity of real palm vein images for three different samples using LDA algorithm.
Keywords:
Pattern, LD
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Title:
Effect of Flyash on Strength Properties of Foam Concrete
Authors:
Akshay Reddy B, Punith A, Mrs. Kalyani Dongarkar
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 07 - 12, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
With the increase in urbanisation there is a need to discover and develop sustainable materials which helps in the sustainable growth. A lightweight material for minimum self-weight which utilises the by-products or the wastes is the need of the day. Foam concrete is gaining its popularity due to its low weight. Here is an attempt to study the effect of fly ash on the strength of the foam concrete. The experiments involving four different types of mixes with partial replacement of sand by 0%, 50%, 70%, 100% flyash were conducted and 70% replacement specimen was found to give 9% more compressive strength and 8% more split tensile strength the density of 1100 kg/m3 was obtained. Thus the studies show that replacement of sand by 70% is practicable. This may help to reuse the flyash and conserve the sand which is becoming scarce these days.
Keywords:
Foam concrete, Light weight concrete, Fly ash, Sand replacement, protein foam
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Title:
Analysis of Steganography as a Security Technique
Authors:
Anirudh Sohil
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 13 - 19, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
Application developers faces many challenges while creating an application for use. One of the most important aspects that a developer must keep in mind is the security of his application. Various applications are potential targets for hackers, phishers etc. As these applications are developed, sometimes developers solely focus on visual and functionality of an application and takes only minimalist security measures for their applications due to some reasons. Even though security is one of the most important aspect, sometimes it is given least priorities. This research paper aims to provide reasonable approaches to make an application secure or make a security application for several applications
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Title:
Pervious concrete & its characteristics
Authors:
Shreyas.K, Lavanya.J
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 20 - 27, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The advantage of a pervious concrete pavement is to allow the runoff water to its below layers effectively, this characteristic of the pavement is usually dependent on the pore size, geometry & connectivity of the materials. The functional benefits of porous pavements are improved wet-weather driving safety, reduced tire pavement noise and replenishing of groundwater supplies, this paper presents a study in which the effects of aggregate gradations on the permeability and mechanical properties of pervious concrete were investigated. Concrete mix with various aggregate gradations are tested for 3 days & 7 days compressive strength for obtaining the optimum gradation mix for the porosity level varying from 15 to 35% by keeping 0.4 as water cement ratio. It has been found that there is considerable increase in compressive strength with increase in percentage of finer aggregates (Manufactured-sand) in the mix & also there is a reduction of percentage in porosity where the voids of coarse aggregates is filled by finer particles which will increase the strength of the mix. A mix design with little water can create a very weak binder. A mix design with too much water can collapse the void space, making an almost impenetrable concrete surface in which there is a considerable variation of compressive strength due to variation of water content in the mix. The efficiency of pervious concrete will depend on amount of porosity & co efficient of permeability of mix where there is a significant gain in co efficient of permeability for the concrete specimens tested for 28 days which are having porosity more than 20% when compared to 7 days & 3 days specimens having less percentage of porosity which are tested by Darcy's law of permeability.
Keywords:
Porous concrete, permeability, mix design, compressive strength.
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Title:
Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Six Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine Crank Shaft Subjected to Various Loading Conditions
Authors:
K.Dilip kumar, P.N.S.Srinivas, Dr P.Ravindra Babu
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 28 - 40, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
Crankshaft is one of the critical components for the effective and precise working of the internal combustion engine. It has a complex shape of geometry. In an arbitrary position of the crank due to tangential force, the crank arm will be subjected to transverse shear bending and twisting, while due to radial component it is subjected to direct stress and bending. It is complicated to consider all these straining actions in several positions of the crank. Generally, the crank is designed for two positions; those are maximum twisting moment and maximum bending moment. This work is about evaluating and comparing the static structural analysis and modal analysis of crankshafts manufactured by three different materials viz. Structural Steel, Al 6063+5% Sic+5%Al2o3+5%Graphite (Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite) and High Strength Carbon Fiber. Three dimensional model of crankshaft is created using CREO 3.0. Static simulation has to be conducted on three different crankshafts from similar six cylinder four stroke engine. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is to be performed to obtain the variation of stress magnitude at critical locations. The static analysis is done and is verified by simulations in finite element analysis software ANSYS. Comparisons for the properties such as equivalent stress and total deformation of crankshafts made up of structural steel , Al 6063+5% sic+5%Al2o3+5%graphite , and high strength carbon fiber were determined and the results were compared. Model theoretical calculations are performed for clear analysis. The output of result would provide a possible recommendation for the development of engine design.
Keywords:
crankshaft, bending, structural analysis, CREO 3.0, ANSYS
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Title:
Vikor Method for Decision Making Problem Using Octagonal Neutrosophic Soft Matrix
Authors:
K. Selvakumari, M. Ajitha Priyadharshini
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 41 - 45, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The scope of this paper is to introduce a new concept of buying a car on the basis of choice
parameter by using vikor method. Here octagonal fuzzy number plays a vital role for solving many decision
making problem involving uncertainty. In this paper, the defuzzification is done using the area of region, the
fuzzified value can be converted into neutrosophic soft matrix and vikor method is applied to the defuzzified
data to find the best solution. Finally, an illustrative example gives the effectiveness and feasibility of the
proposed approach.
Keywords:
Fuzzy soft set, Neutrosophic soft set, Octagonal fuzzy number, Vikor method
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Title:
Carbon Stored in Kenaf Fiber Utilization of Biocomposite Applications into Automotive Components
Authors:
Hamdon A. Abdelrhman, Mohd Shahwahid, M. T. Paridah, Mohammad Jawaid & Heba A. Noureldeen
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 46 - 53, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The aim of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of the carbon dioxide sequestration and emission of kenaf cultivation and stored carbon in kenaf fiber used for automotive components; The data was collected through an interview as well as the data on kenaf' cultivated area in the four states (Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu and Perak) in 2014 which were obtained from the (National Company for Kenaf and Tobacco-Malaysia). The three scenarios of kenaf production (10, 12& 15) ton per hectare has been assumed. The kenaf production ton/hectare has been converted to fibre. Then, the carbon which has been stored in the fiber for use in automotive components has been calculated. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel software13 while some of the data were analysed using SPSS22. The results depicted that, the Pahang state has the highest contributor to environmental performance.In addition, the investigation has concluded that the usage of kenaf core and bast altogether as composite materials with other fillers for automotive components will enhance in mitigating the pressure to the environment by storing much carbon in the auto body. Also, this will give a superior industrial product through the lifetime of the automobile when the percentage of the fiber in the manufactured components was increased.
Keywords:
Kenaf production, fibre conversion, environmental performance, automotive components & stored carbon
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Title:
The potential of using the renewable energy aiming at environmental protection
Authors:
Van Vang Le, Danh Chan Nguyen, Anh Tuan Hoang
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 54 - 60, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
Renewable energy is becoming the least expensive option. Recent transactions in Denmark, Egypt, India, Mexico, Peru and the United Arab Emirates show that renewable electricity is being offered at $ 0.05 / kWh or even lower . This figure is much lower than the costs of fossil fuel and nuclear power generation in these countries. The winning bidder in two recent auctions for offshore wind power projects in Germany did not need government support but rather wholesale prices. This shows that renewable energy can become the least expensive option.
Keywords:
renewable energy, environmental protection.
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Title:
Sigma Converter for Partial Shading Problem in PV Cell
Authors:
Arathy Davis, Praveesh V V
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 61 - 76, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The search for new energy sources gained momen- tum in the 1970s following the oil crisis when the price of energy in the form of fossil fuel rose dramatically and energy insecurity was felt. The obvious choice of a clean energy source which is abundant and could provide security for the future development and growth is suns energy using photovoltaic PV system. A major challenge in using a solar PV source containing a number of cells in series and parallel is to deal with its non linear characteristics and non uniform radiation. Often PV modules are subject to nonuniform radiation and shading over the surface. Shade is a significant design factor and measuring the extent of shade on a solar array can be challenging due to the fact that shadows moves as the position moves throughout the day and the year. This is further complicated by the changes in the source of shade itself. For example a tree can sway in the wind or lose its leaves during winter, changing the type of shade it cast on solar array. Shade impact depends on its severity and area on PV panel. It may cause current mismatch among PV panel which results in loss of PV power. In this paper study of partial shading , design and simulation of a converter based on sigma conversion concept which enables module level dc/dc converters for eliminating the reduction in output power due to partial shading, soiling etc has done. Converters are designed such that it will provide a constant output voltage eventhough shading occurs on certain PV modules. Thus the system is simple, power can be extracted from unshaded module and reliable.
Keywords:
photovoltaic systems,partial shading, series con- figuration,parallel configuration,bypass diodes,sigma converter.
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Title:
Design and CFD Analysis of a Fixed Wing for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors:
Karthik M A, Srinivasan K, Srujan S, Subhash Holla H S, Suraj Jain M
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 77 - 85, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The present boom in the drone industry and its apparent low impact in India was the raison d'être for the decision to design and analyze a fixed wing for an unmanned aerial vehicle which would serve as a multipurpose utility tool. The paper describes the need for such a tool and its use. Adopting a design procedure that is used by institutions like NAL, HAL, etc. a three-dimensional model of a flying wing was done. This iterative process was followed by the flow analysis of half the plane in Fluent which was initially meshed in ICEM CAD. The analysis yielded the lift and drag forces. This aided in the structural analysis of the wing section which was done considering the wing to be made of EPP (Expanded poly- propylene). The wing structure analysis helped us realize that the design well below the strength limit even with a big factor of safety. This followed the modal analysis of the system, for which the approximate fundamental frequency was initially calculated. The modal analysis verified the calculation with a very low error percentage. The entire process resulted in a flying wing which can be rolled out commercially with minimal designchanges.
Keywords:
Drones, Aerofoils, Fixed Wings, CFD, XFLR5, Structural Analysis
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Title:
Utilizing mater of the waste heat source from engines
Authors:
Van Vang Le, Dao Nam Cao, Van Huong Dong
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 86 - 89, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The internal combustion engine in addition plays the role of generating work for the engine, waste heat is extremely large. At the exploded stroke, the combustion chamber thermostats up to 2300-2500oC (for gasoline engines) and 1800-2000oC (for diesel engines). Therefore, the cooling units on both sides of the cylinder are important for the treatment and utilization of this waste heat, to maintain longevity and to ensure that engines operate at high efficiency.
Keywords:
heat, to maintain longevity and to ensure that engines operate at high efficiency. Keywords:
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Title:
Innovation on Chemical Process Equipment for Advanced Yield &Positive Socio-Economic Impact (Distillation Column)
Authors:
Agbatah O. B., Engr.Onyia C. J., Nnam L. E., Enekwenchi K.K
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 90 - 112, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
In industries the most traditional separation technique and unit is distillation and distillation column respectively, which in the past have presented a lot of control difficulties, Mostly columns with high purity constraint exhibits "ill conditioning" problems and well-built interaction between the composition loops; it has been proven that perhaps improbability is the major reason we experience control problems. Devising robust control for distillation columns is a vital way to provide good composition control; this in fact corrects the "ill condition" problems. The proper handling of the strong interaction is achieved through a properly designed multivariable controller, making a distillation column a favourable unit to be applied a robust multi variable control technique. MATLAB-Simulinks is one of the most used block diagram simulation software. The distillation column dynamics was modelled in simulinks environment, many simulations was conducted, observing the behaviour of the distillation column under various conditions. First condition is the observation of top composition without controller and with controller, the controller employed is a PID controller. This brought us to controller tuning using the process reaction curve to read off the parameters for the estimation of the controller gain, integral time and derivative time. The equation used is for the estimation of this parameter is the Cohen-Coon equation for open loop. Further simulations were carried out to test for stability and robustness. The same procedure mention above was applied to the bottom composition. Afterwards the two loops were integrated together to give the [LV] configuration MIMO. Further observation was taken. With the perfect understandings of this control configuration and technique, a significant reduction in operation cost may be obtained.
Keywords:
Innovation, Distillation Column, Advanced Yield
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Title:
Speech to Text Conversion in Malayalam
Authors:
Preena Johnson, Jishna K C, Soumya S
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 113 - 117, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
The Speech recognition and related tasks for many languages are getting more common in the present scenario. In the case of Malayalam language, recognizing speech is a tedious task. This paper presents a speech to text conversion system for Malayalam language. The system considers only isolated words and is a speaker dependent one with limited vocabulary. The uttered word which is the input for the system is displayed in Malayalam as the output. After the recording phase, features are extracted using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). Audio files are trained using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM).
Keywords:
Feature extraction, GMM, Malayalam, MFCC, Speech to text
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Title:
Business Process Improvements Using SSM and UML Activity Diagram
Authors:
Abdelrahman Elsharif Karrar, Amar Ibrahim Mohammed Abdalla, Mudawi Mukhtar Elmusharaf
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 118 - 123, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
This paper presents an investigation into the use of Unified Modelling Language (UML)- Activity diagram and Soft System Methodology (SSM) to model complex processes in the Higher Education Sector, with reference to the process of Module Monitoring and Evaluation in Sudan. We argue that UML and SSM models are generally useful as a means for understanding, analysing and improving complex processes. Also, we show that using these models it is possible to discover process bottlenecks, to identify cross-functional boundary problems, and to focus discussion about automation of processes.
Keywords:
Business Process Modelling, process of monitoring, Evaluation, role activity diagramming, case study, Soft System Methodology, Rich Picture Format (RPF)
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Title:
An Experimental Study on Reuse of Treated Waste Water in Concrete – A Sustainable Approach
Authors:
Mr. Manjunatha.M, Mr. Dhanraj M R
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 124 - 132, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
As a sustainable approach this project is conducted to study the possibility of reuse of treated waste water in concrete, concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Production of Portland cement used in concrete produces 2.5 billion tonne's of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases worldwide. In addition concrete is one of the largest water consuming industries. Approximately about 150 litres of water is required for per cubic metre of concrete mix. Demand of fresh water by the construction sector is expected to increase due to high increase in the growth of construction activities in India. Without considering the other applications of water at the concrete industry, water is a critical environmental issue and water supplies, water quality are becoming more limited worldwide. This project presents the reuse of treated waste water and potable water in concrete for both mixing and curing. Concrete in prepared for M-20 grade concrete with SNF super plasticizer for both treated waste water and portable water and cured for a age of 7 day,14 days and 28 days. Compressive strength, durability properties and microscopic study both concrete prepared with treated waste water and portable water is studied.
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Title:
Improvement in Image Quality using PCA based Image Fusion
Authors:
Ajinkya A. Jadhav, S. R. Khot
Source:
International Journal of Latest Engineering Research and Applications, pp 133 - 138, Vol 02 - No. 07, 2017
Abstract:
Image fusion is combining different features of different modality into a single composite image. Fused image is generated using two images. We can get better output image that is validated by parameters like PSNR, MSE etc. We can get even better output image if we fused three images instead of two. In this paper we discuss the system which take three blur images as input and generate single fused image as output. The method used for fusion is principal component analysis(PCA).For performance analysis parameters that is PSNR and MSE are used.
Keywords:
Principal component analysis, PSNR, MSE
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